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Pioneers' stories – Bill Haynes, part 2. 8th March: The latest update in our weekly Pioneers of UK drag racing series, told in the original words of the racers, and accompanied by photos and images from their collections, covers the period 1973-76 for Surrey dragster racer Bill Haynes. During these years Bill had progressed from four cylinder.
Guy Martin Martin at the 2014 Bol d'Or Nationality British Born (1981-11-04) 4 November 1981 (age 39) Grimsby, Lincolnshire, England Current team None Motorcycle racing career statistics Isle of Man TT career TTs contested 14 (2003–2015, 2017) TT wins 0 Podiums 17 Guy Martin (born 4 November 1981) is a British motorcycle racer, television presenter, and heavy vehicle mechanic.

The first shaft driven GS model was the R80G/S with a 797.5 cc air-cooled, flat-twin boxer engine. The BMW 247 engine, which was also fitted to many other bikes in the BMW range, is known as an airhead, because it relies on airflow across the cylinder heads and cylinder 'barrels' to provide most of the cooling for the engine. Michael van der Mark heeft op het Autodromo do Estoril zijn eerste test afgewerkt met de BMW S1000RR. De Nederlander komt vanaf volgend seizoen in actie voor de Duitse fabrikant en reed maandag met een opgewaardeerde versie van de huidige machine.

BMW R1200GSA and R1150GS at Overland Expo 2009

The BMW GS series of one purpose off-road/on-road BMW motorcycles have been produced from 1980, when the R80G/S was launched, to the present day. The GS refers to either Gelände/Straße (German: off-road/road) or Gelände Sport.^[1]GS motorcycles can be distinguished from other BMW models by their longer travel suspension, an upright riding position, and larger front wheels – typically 19 to 21 inch. In May 2009, the 500,000th GS was produced, an R1200GS model.^[2]

GS models[edit]

The GS has been available with a range of different engines, including single-cylinder, twin-cylinder water-cooled and twin-cylinder air- ('Airheads') and air/oil-cooled ('Oilheads' and 'Hexheads').

Airheads[edit]

BMW R80G/S

BMW R80GS

BMW R100GS

The first shaft driven GS model was the R80G/S with a 797.5 cc air-cooled, flat-twin boxer engine.^[3] The BMW 247 engine, which was also fitted to many other bikes in the BMW range, is known as an airhead, because it relies on airflow across the cylinder heads and cylinder 'barrels' to provide most of the cooling for the engine. The most valued version was the R80G/S-PD 'Paris-Dakar' model featuring a larger tank, which was launched in celebration of the R80G/S wins in the Paris Dakar Rally.^[4]^[5] In certain markets, a 649.6 cc R65GS version was also available. These early machines used a combined rear suspension and drive swingarm called a Monolever.

In 1987, the G/S name was changed to GS with the S meaning 'Sport' rather than 'Straße' and the Monolever was replaced with the Paralever swingarm, which included a torque arm intended to lessen shaft effect and strengthen the swingarm-to-final drive connection. The new bikes were produced with engines of 797.5 cc (R80GS) or 980 cc (R100GS).

Production of the standard machines stopped in 1995 with the R100GS-PD (unofficially Paris Dakar), but special 'Kalahari' and 'Basic' editions were made available in 1996 and 1997, which ended airhead GS production.

Airhead models still have a very strong following among adventure motorcyclists, due in part to the design of the machine being easy to access and simple to service, but also solid and reliable design concept.

Airhead production history[edit]

Monolever
- R80G/S 1980–1986
- R80G/S-PD 1984–1987
- R65GS 1987–1990
Paralever
- R80GS 1987–1994
- R100GS 1987–1994
- R100GS-PD 1988–1996
- R80GS Basic 1996–1997
- R80GS Kalahari 1996–1997

Oilheads[edit]

BMW R1100GS

BMW R1150GS

BMW R1200GS

In 1995, the introduction of the next generation R-259 or oilhead engine signalled BMW's entry into modern adventure models, with a succession of larger displacement models including the R850GS, R1100GS, R1150GS and the R1200GS. Later models have electronic engine management, ABS braking, twin spark plugs, and more power than airhead models, due in part to the use of four valve heads. The current R1200GS, sometimes referred to as a hexhead because of the revised cylinder head shape, is 30 kg (66 lb) lighter and, with 105 horsepower (78 kW), more powerful than the R1150GS.

The R1150GS and R1200GS are available in an Adventure version which adds a larger fuel tank, lower gearing, upgraded suspension, and optional offroad tires to make the Adventure more suitable for arduous off-road trips with a heavy load of gear and supplies. The horizontally opposed two-cylinder 'boxer' engine provides a comparatively low centre of gravity compared to motorcycles with inline-4 or V-twin engines. This strongly contributes to the ability of these supra-litre class machines to travel on dirt roads and trails. The distribution of torque over a broad RPM range coupled with the relatively wide power pulses inherent in a long-stroke two-cylinder motor provides consistent and predictable traction on loose surfaces.

As with the airheads, all oilhead GS models are shaft driven. The front suspension, however, was changed from conventional forks to the Telelever, developed by British company Saxon Motodd, which uses a control arm, called an A-arm by BMW to eliminate dive under braking.

Oilhead production history[edit]

From the start of oilhead production in 1994 until 27 July 2007, a total of 219,468 oilhead GS bikes were produced.^[6]Oilhead GS models are listed below together with production figures where known:

Model	Dates	Production
R1100GS	1994–1999	39,842
R850GS	1996–2001	2,242
R1150GS	1999–2004	58,023
R1150GS Adventure	2001–2005	17,828
R1200GS	since 2004	84,373 up to 27 July 2007
R1200GS Adventure	since 2006	15,627 up to 27 July 2007
R1250GS	since 2019
R1250GS Adventure	since 2019

BMW R1250GS

Although not strictly a GS, the following closely related models were also introduced by BMW:

HP2 Enduro - 2005 – 2008
HP2 Megamoto - since 2007

Single-cylinder chain-drive[edit]

BMW F650ST Strada

BMW F650GS Dakar

In 1993, BMW introduced GS models powered by a single cylinder 4-valve 652 cc Rotax engine, also known as a thumper, and chain drive. The off-road-capable F650 Funduro had a 19-inch front wheel, long travel suspension, bash plate, and a high seat. The more road biased F650ST Strada had a smaller diameter 18 inch front wheel, narrower handlebars and smaller screen. The bikes were manufactured alongside the virtually identical 5-valve Aprilia Pegaso.

BMW introduced the fuel injectedF650GS in 2000 following BMW's win in the 1999 Dakar Rally with a heavily modified F650RR ridden by Richard Sainct.^[4] A taller, more off-road biased Dakar version was introduced which included a taller screen, 21 inch front wheel and longer suspension travel. BMW re-branded the single-cylinder bike as the G650GS in some markets following the launch of the parallel twin-cylinder models in 2008. In 2010, at the EICMA show in Italy, BMW Motorrad announced the global availability of the G650GS with a slightly down-rated engine producing 35 kW (47 hp).^[7]^[8]

The single-cylinder bikes have a strong following and are thought by many of their riders to be better off-roaders than the heavier boxer-engined bikes. Like the larger two-cylinder models, they offer significant capacity to carry gear and supplies over long distances. Their versatility is at

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